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Klondike is a solitaire card game. In the U.S. and Canada, Klondike is the best-known solitaire card game, to the point that the term "Solitaire", in the absence of additional qualifiers, typically refers to Klondike and is considered as its name. Equally in the UK, it is often just known as "Patience". Elsewhere the game is known as American Patience, as well as Fascination, Triangle or Demon Patience.
Klondike is traditionally known in England as Canfield, whereas in America the name Canfield is given to the patience game called "Demon" in England, which is a different solitaire card game devised by Richard Canfield (although Canfield himself called his game Klondike).
According to Tung (2015), the game became popular in the late 19th century, and may have been named "Klondike" after the Canadian region where a gold rush happened. Its inclusion on PC in the 1990s has contributed significantly to its popularity in modern times. It is considered the most popular version of solitaire.
Klondike is played with a standard 52-card deck, without Jokers. After shuffling, a tableau of seven fanned piles of cards are laid from left to right. From left to right, each pile contains one more card than the last. The first and left-most pile contains a single upturned card, the second pile contains two cards (one downturned, one upturned), the third contains three (two downturned, one upturned), and so on, until the seventh pile which contains seven cards (six downturned, one upturned). The topmost card of each pile is turned face up. The remaining cards form the stock and are placed facedown at the upper left of the layout.
The four foundations (light rectangles in the upper right of the figure) are built up by suit from Ace (low in this game) to King, and the tableau piles can be built down by alternate colors. Every face-up card in a partial pile, or a complete pile, can be moved, as a unit, to another tableau pile on the basis of their highest card. Any empty piles can be filled with a King, or a pile of cards with a King. The aim of the game is to build up four stacks of cards starting with Ace and ending with King, all of the same suit, on one of the four foundations, at which time the player would have won. There are different ways of dealing the remainder of the deck from the stock to the waste, including the following:
Turning three cards at once to the waste, with no limit on passes through the deck.
Turning three cards at once to the waste, with three passes through the deck.
Turning one card at a time to the waste, with three passes through the deck.
Turning one card at a time to the waste with only a single pass through the deck, and playing it if possible.
Turning one card at a time to the waste, with no limit on passes through the deck.
If the player can no longer make any meaningful moves, the game is considered lost. At this point, winning is impossible.
