In Islam, the Devil is known as Iblīs, Iblis is a jinn who refused to bow for Adam. (Some Islamic scholars [Notably Muhammad Asad] believe him to be one of the angels, but this view is hard to reconcile with Iblis' own statement that he was created from fire).
The primary characteristic of the Devil is hubris. His primary activity is to incite humans and jinn to commit evil through deception, which is referred to as "whispering into the hearts". The Quran mentions that Satans are the assistants of those who disbelieve in God: "We have made the evil ones friends to those without faith."