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The Bhagavad Gita (/ˌbʌɡəvəd ˈɡiːtɑː, -tə/; Sanskrit: भगवद्गीता or भगवद्गीता, bhagavad-gītā in IAST, Sanskrit pronunciation , lit. "The Song of God"), often referred to as the Gita, is a 700 verse Hindu scripture in Sanskritthat is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata (chapters 23–40 of the 6th book of Mahabharata).
The Gita is set in a narrative framework of a dialogue between Pandava prince Arjuna and his guide and charioteer Lord Krishna. Facing the duty as a warrior to fight the Dharma Yudhha or righteous war between Pandavas and Kauravas, Arjuna is counselled by Lord Krishna to "fulfill his Kshatriya (warrior) duty as a warrior and establish Dharma". Inserted in this appeal to kshatriya dharma (chivalry) "is a dialogue ... between diverging attitudes concerning methods toward the attainment of liberation (moksha)".
The Bhagavad Gita presents a synthesis of the concept of Dharma, theistic bhakti, the yogic ideals of moksha through jnana, bhakti, karma, and Raja Yoga (spoken of in the 6th chapter) and Samkhyaphilosophy.
Numerous commentaries have been written on the Bhagavad Gita with widely differing views on the essentials. Vedanta commentators read varying relations between Self and Brahman in the text: Advaita Vedanta sees the non-dualism of Atman (soul) and Brahman as its essence, whereas Bhedabheda and Vishishtadvaita see Atman and Brahman as both different and non-different, and Dvaita sees them as different. The setting of the Gita in a battlefield has been interpreted as an allegory for the ethical and moral struggles of the human life.
The Bhagavad Gita's call for selfless action inspired many leaders of the Indian independence movement including Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi referred to the Gita as his "spiritual dictionary"
Bhagavad Gita comprises 18 chapters - गीतेतील अध्यायांची नावे
1.Prathama adhyaya - अध्याय १ - अर्जुनविषादयोग
2.Sankhya yoga - अध्याय २ - सांख्ययोग
3.Karma yoga - अध्याय ३ - कर्मयोग
4.Gyaana– - अध्याय ४ - ज्ञानसंन्यासयोग
5.Karma– - अध्याय ५ - कर्मसंन्यासयोग
6.Dhyan yoga or Atmasanyam yoga - अध्याय ६ - आत्मसंयमयोग
7.Gyaana–ViGyaana yoga - अध्याय ७ - ज्ञानविज्ञानयोग
8.Aksara–Brahma yoga - अध्याय ८ - अक्षरब्रह्मयोग
9.Raja–Vidya–Raja–Guhya yoga - अध्याय ९ - राजविद्याराजगुह्ययोग
10.Vibhuti–Vistara–yoga - अध्याय १० - विभूतियोग
11.Visvarupa–Darsana yoga - अध्याय ११ - विश्वरूपदर्शनयोग
12.Bhakti yoga - अध्याय १२ - भक्तियोग
13.Ksetra–Ksetrajna Vibhaga yoga - अध्याय १३ - क्षेत्रक्षेज्ञविभागयोग
14.Gunatraya–Vibhaga yoga - अध्याय १४ - गुणत्रयविभागयोग
15.Purusottama yoga - अध्याय १५ - पुरुषोत्तमयोग
16.Daivasura–Sampad–Vibhaga yoga - अध्याय १६ - दैवासुरसंपविभागयोग
17.Sraddhatraya-Vibhaga yoga - अध्याय १७ - श्रद्धात्रयविभागयोग
18.Moksha–Sanyasa yoga - अध्याय १८ - मोक्षसंन्यासयोग
Bhagavad Gita comprises 18 chapters (section 25 to 42) in the Bhishma Parva of the epic Mahabharata and consists of 700 verses Because of differences in recensions, the verses of the Gita may be numbered in the full text of the Mahabharata as chapters 6.25–42 or as chapters 6.23–40. According to the recension of the Gita commented on by Adi Shankara, a prominent philosopher of the Vedanta school, the number of verses is 700, but there is evidence to show that old manuscripts had 745 verses. The verses themselves, composed with similes and metaphors, are poetic in nature. The verses mostly employ the range and style of the Sanskrit Anustubh metre (chhandas), and in a few expressive verses the Tristubh metre is used.
The Sanskrit editions of the Gita name each chapter as a particular form of yoga. However, these chapter titles do not appear in the Sanskrit text of the Mahabharata. Swami Chidbhavananda explains that each of the eighteen chapters is designated as a separate yoga because each chapter, like yoga, "trains the body and the mind". He labels the first chapter "Arjuna Vishada Yogam" or the "Yoga of Arjuna's Dejection". Sir Edwin Arnold translates this chapter as "The Distress of Arjuna"
