Ṣād / Suad (Arabic: ص, "The Letter Sad") is the 38th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an with 88 verses (āyāt) and 1 sajdah (39:24). Sad (ص) is the name of the eighteenth letter in the Arabic alphabet.
According to the traditional Islamic narrative, Saad was sent to Muhammad (PBUH) by Allah while he was coping with rejection from his tribe, the Quraysh. It recounts stories of previous prophets, describes the splendors of heaven, and warns of the monstrosities of hell.
Regarding the timing and contextual background of the supposed revelation (asbāb al-nuzūl), it is an earlier "Meccan / Makki surah", which means it is believed to have been revealed in Mecca (Makkah), instead of later in Medina (Madinah / Madina). The surat dates to the 2nd Meccan Period, meaning it was revealed only five or six years into the development of Islam.
Most Middle and Late Meccan suras can be divided into three sections by content and style- a tripartite division. Examination of the structure of a surat can make what seems like an elliptical compilation of sentences far more comprehensible. Symmetrical structure, also known as ring composition, can help both the novice and experienced reader find the central message. Sura 38 can first be divided into three primary sections: the first from verses 1-11; the second, 12-64; the third, 66-88. The first and third sections, similar in length, remind the reader of the power of God and the Quran by describing destruction and hell, the third section going so far as to describe the creation of evil: the fall of Iblis, who becomes Satan.
The larger center section (12-64) gives examples of biblical figures like David, Solomon, and Job to Muhammad as Messengers who also faced adversity. In the middle portion of the sura (sorat / sorah), God concisely tells Muhammad to “Remember Our servants Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, all men of strength and vision. We caused them to be devoted to Us…with Us they will be among the elect, the truly good…This is a lesson” (Q38:45-49). The historical context of the surat confirms that this is indeed its central message: supposedly, Muhammad was struggling with rejection from his tribe, the Quraysh, so God sent this revelation to support and encourage him. As entrance to heaven is the final goal of Islam, nothing could serve as better inspiration to Muhammad to persevere in the face of adversity. Nevertheless, one must keep in mind that as Islam gained followers and adapted to continue its growth, the clear divisions within suras blur and texts slowly become lengthier and more expansive works; the reader cannot always find three, let alone two, clear-cut sections. Even within Sura 38, the subject and tone can shift every few verses from general descriptions of heaven and hell to short examples of specific prophets.
In the commentary of Majma’ul Bayan it is written that the reward for reciting this Surah is equal to the weight of the mountain of Prophet Dawood (a.s.). Allah (S.w.T.) inspires the reciter of this Surah to avoid every type of sin – big or small.
Imam Muhammad al Baqir (a.s.) has said that the reward for reciting Surah Saad is compared to the reward given to the Holy Prophets and the one who often recites this Surah will be taken to Jannah along with his family and loved ones; to such an extent that even those servants of his whom he loves will be with him in Jannah.
If this Surah is placed under the tyrant ruler, his reign will not last for more than three days before people will see his true nature and will start hating him. This will eventually lead to his downfall.
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