robinson cruse - adventure and life
The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is one of the most emblematic works of adventure literature. It tells the adventures of the young Robinson Crusoe, an English shipwreck who struggles to survive on a remote tropical island.
Epistolary, confessional, and didactic in form, the book is a fictional autobiography of the title character a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad, encountering cannibals, captives, and mutineers before being rescued.
Robinson Crusoe is a sailor from York who, in an expedition to Africa by boat, is captured by pirates and becomes a slave. He escapes and is helped by a Portuguese navy captain, who heads to Brazil. In this last place, it is established for a time but the option of sailing again to Africa in search of blacks to attend to the domestic needs of him and a group of immigrants in Brazil arises; it is there where the ship is shipwrecked and is the only survivor, managing to reach an island that seems to be the only inhabitant.
Crusoe joins an expedition to bring slaves from Africa, but he is shipwrecked in a storm about forty miles out to sea on an island (which he calls the Island of Despair) near the mouth of the Orinoco river on 30 September 1659. He observes the latitude as 9 degrees and 22 minutes north. He sees penguins and seals on his island. As for his arrival there, only he and three animals, the captain's dog and two cats survive the shipwreck. Overcoming his despair, he fetches arms, tools, and other supplies from the ship before it breaks apart and sinks.
He builds a fenced-in habitat near a cave which he excavates. By making marks on a wooden cross, he creates a calendar. By using tools salvaged from the ship, and some he makes himself from "ironwood", he hunts, grows barley and rice, dries grapes to make raisins, learns to make pottery, and raises goats. He also adopts a small parrot.
He observes the latitude as 9 degrees and 22 minutes north. He sees penguins and seals on his island. As for his arrival there, only he and three animals, the captain's dog and two cats survive the shipwreck. Overcoming his despair, he fetches arms, tools, and other supplies from the ship before it breaks apart and sinks. He builds a fenced-in habitat near a cave which he excavates. By making marks on a wooden cross, he creates a calendar. By using tools salvaged from the ship, and some which he makes himself, he hunts, grows barley and rice, dries grapes to make raisins, learns to make pottery, and raises goats. He also adopts a small parrot.
Robinson Crusoe was well received in the literary world and is often credited as marking the beginning of realistic fiction as a literary genre. It is generally seen as a contender for the first English novel. Before the end of 1719, the book had already run through four editions, and it has gone on to become one of the most widely published books in history, spawning so many imitations, not only in literature but also in film, television, and radio, that its name is used to define a genre.
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