In the context of the recitation of the Quran, tajwīd / tajwid / tajweed (Arabic: تَجْوِيدْ tajwīd, IPA: [tædʒˈwiːd], 'elocution') is a set of rules for the correct pronunciation of the letters with all their qualities and applying the various traditional methods of recitation (Qira'at / qirat / qiraat). In Arabic, the term tajwīd is derived from the triliteral root j-w-d, meaning enhancement or to make something excellent. Technically, it means giving every letter its right in reciting the Qur'an (Quran / Quraan).
Knowledge of the actual tajwid rules is a community duty (farḍ al-kifāya), meaning that at least one person in every community must know it. There is a difference of opinion on the ruling for individuals. Dr. Shadee el-Masry states that it is an individual obligation (farḍ al-'ayn) on every Muslim to recite the opening chapter of the Qur'an (al-fatiha) with correct tajwīd, though they do not need to know the terms and definitions of the rules themselves. Sheikh Zakariyya al-Ansari stated that it is sinful to recite in a way that changes the meaning or changes the grammar. If it does not change these two things, then it is not sinful, even if it is a clear error.
The central Quranic verse about tajwid is verse 73:4: "...and recite the Qur'an with measured recitation." The word tartīl Arabic: تَرْتِيْل, as used in this verse, is often also used in hadith (hadees / hades / hadis) in conjunction with its command. It means to articulate slowly, carefully, and precisely.
Abu Dawud's (Daud / Dawood / Dawod) hadith collection has a chapter heading titled "Recommendation of [reciting with] tartīl in the Qur'an." It begins with the narration: "The Messenger of Allah peace and blessings be upon him said: One who was devoted to the Qur'an will be told to recite, ascend and recite carefully (Arabic: رَتِّلْ) as he recited carefully when he was in the world, for he will reach his abode when he comes to the last verse he recites (Sunan Abi Dawud 1464)." This narration describes the importance of the manner of recitation and its positive effects in the afterlife. The next narration describes the importance of prolongation (Arabic: مَدًّا): "Qatadah said: I asked Anas about the recitation of the Qur'an by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him. He said: He used to express all the long accents clearly (Arabic: كَانَ يَمُدُّ مَدًّا) (Sunan Abi Dawud 1465)." This narration also shows that even the companions of the prophet used some terms which are still used today in tajwīd (Tajwed) rules.
The Arabic alphabet has 28 basic letters, plus hamzah (ء).
ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن و ہ ي
The Arabic definite article is ال al- (i.e. the letter alif followed by lām). The lām in al- is pronounced if the letter after it is "qamarīyah" ("lunar"), but if the letter after it is "shamsīyah" ("solar"), the lām after it becomes part of the following letter (is assimilated). "Solar" and "lunar" became descriptions for these instances as the words for "the moon" and "the sun" (al-qamar and ash-shams, respectively) are examples of this rule.
Lunar letters: ا ب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م هـ و ي
Solar letters: ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن
Ahkaam_e_Tajweed (Ahkaam e Tajweed) provides the adaab (rules) of reciting the Holy Quran.
The meaning of the verse / ayah can be changed if the letters are not pronounced correctly. Thus it is important to recite every letter of the Quraan properly with all of its rules and properties.
Hazrat Ali (R.A) said:
ان علم التجويد هو تجويد الحروف ومعرفة الوقوف
Tajweed Rules is complete guide to understand all ahkaam / rules which are neccessary for reciting Holy Quran. The most important part of Tajweed is learning about correct position of the organs of speech and the manner of articulation.
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